Adequate and Inadequate Cohesion

1. Write paragraph with adequate and inadequate cohesion

To write a paragraph adequate and inadequate cohesion should know the repetition of keywords in sentences and words for reference . this is to provide links and assist in connecting one part of the sentence , which is important in achieving cohesion in the text . Cohesion is difficult to define but one can visualize the small sentences add up to make a meaningful text as with a lot of different parts fit together to make a jigsaw puzzle . For the author , it is better to start with a text that the reader is already familiar with to create a cohesive piece . It can also be done with a few last words in a sentence to prepare the next few words at the beginning of the next sentence. In short , the link attached to different sentences and make meaningful text can be considered as cohesion in the text . Building relationships between sentences , sections , paragraphs and even using synonyms , verb tenses , etc. The reference time is what brought cohesion in the text . Cohesion can be regarded as a glue stick to different parts of the furniture that takes the form of the author wants to give.

2. Cohesion

Cohesion features as an element of text structure in writing as product, and also as a component underlying semantic or discourse-related processes in cognitive, functional, as well as socio-cultural models and frameworks of writing. Cohesion forms part of current conceptualisations of communicative language competences. Cohesion in English is a ground-breaking undertaking in which Halliday and Hasan set out to define, classify, and describe cohesive relations, and demonstrate in analysis how they contribute to the texture in sample texts. Further, cohesion is part of the system of language, and is expressed through its stratal organisation. The vantage point of the native speaker: “As always in linguistic description, we shall be discussing things that the native speaker of the language ‘knows’ already – but without knowing that he knows them”. Cohesion is the grammatical and lexical linking within a text or sentence that holds a text together and gives it meaning. It is related to the broader concept of coherence. Cohesion is the structural, syntactical, and lexical means by which we relate together a series of statements in a document, making the information "stick together."

There are two main types of cohesion: grammatical cohesion which is based on structural content, in structural content, there are standard paragraph structures, clause and phrase level parallelism (and the deliberate use on nonparallelism), theme/rheme relations between sentences and lexical cohesion which is based on lexical content and background knowledge. Semantic/syntactic cohesion: reference: anaphoric, cataphoric, exophoric; pronouns, demonstratives/determinatives, comparatives, substitution, ellipsis, reiteration/collocation, conjunction.

3. Difference Between Cohesion and Coherence

Cohesion	Coherence
A property decided by the reader whereas cohesion is a property of the text achieved by the writer making use of different tools like synonyms, verb tenses, time references etc.	Cohesion can be measured and verified through rules of grammar and semantics though measuring coherence is rather difficult.
Said to be cohesion if different sentences in a text are linked properly.	Said to be coherence if a text appears to make sense to a reader.
Can appear as incoherent to the reader making it clear that the two properties of a text are not the same. Cohesion refers to connectivity in a text.	Coherence refers to how easy it is to understand the writing.
Cohesion is a tool to attain coherence and is the meaningful connection between sentences. Cohesion refers to apparent components in the discourse. It occurs when the interpretation of an element in the discourse is dependent from another element inside the discourse.	Coherence is seen as the relatedness of a story on macro level. That means, utterances are related on a clear, meaningful manner to each other. For coherence, there are no specific components in discourse, because coherence is established by implicit relations of meaning.

4. Shows adequate or inadequate cohesion on my paragraph by underlining or putting in the table

Identifying	About Me
Identification	Hi. Do you know about me.? Ok, if you do not know about me, I'll introduce myself.
Description	My name is Selvi Lia Leo Neta. You can call me Selvi or Neta, up to you want to call me selvi or neta, I got a call two names because my parents and my family call me neta and my friends call me selvi. Many people are saying that  I look like my father. I do not know why, maybe because I also have brown skin like him. I have a brown color with beautiful eyes, my nose is not to flat, and my lips is thin, I have straight hair. My height is 145cm and I do not know my weight now because the last weighing, I remember my weight is 40kg. I live in 36 Kalibening. Do you know where is Kalibening.? Kalibening in Pekalongan, East Lampung. The best thing about me that can differentiate with another people are I have mustache and fangs, when I smile, my fangs so looks. But it nevermind, because with it, I look sweet, said my friend. I have same hobby with my father. My hobby is travelling, because with my hobby, I get a lot of experience, I can find beautiful places previously unknown to me. My father often invites me to travelling with family in weekend. My activities in free time are playing with niece, watching television and reading books. I like playing with my nieve because she is very funny, and I like watching television and reading books to increase my knowledge and insight , even I always demanded by my parents to read guidance prayer book so that my prayer more than before. I also read novel book.
Conclusion	My parents are very friendly same like me, so do not be afraid to pay a visit to my house, because the door always open to anyone who wants to visit my house with good intentions, but my door always closed for thieves :)

5. Why my text or sentence that I underline is categorized into cohesion

The underlined sentences including cohesion because there are clause/ phrase, conjuction, pronoun

(Second Meeting) Descriptive Paragraph

Paragraphs are comprised of sentences, but not random sentences. A paragraph is a group of sentences organized around a central topic or a paragraph is sentence that related to one topic. In fact, the cardinal rule of paragraph writing is to focus on one idea. A paragraph should be neither too short nor too long. A good paragraph in exercise should be 5-6 sentences long. As a general rule, avoid single-sentence paragraphs. A good paragraph is characterized by topic sentence, unity, coherence, and adequate development. 

Topic sentence:

Motivates the reader to want to read more and lets readers know the focus of a paragraph

Unity:

State the main idea of the paragraph in a clearly constructed topic sentence. Make sure each sentence is related to the central thought. Unity in a paragraph begins with the topic sentence. Every paragraph has one single, controlling idea that is expressed in its topic sentence, which is typically the first sentence of the paragraph. A paragraph is unified around this main idea, with the supporting sentences providing detail and discussion. In order to write a good topic sentence, think about theme and all the points that want to make. Decide which point drives the rest, and then write it as topic sentence.

Coherence:

Arrange ideas in a clear, logical order. Provide appropriate transitions to the subsequent paragraph. Coherence is the quality that makes writing understandable. Sentences within a paragraph need to connect to each other and work together as a whole. One of the best ways to achieve coherency is to use transition words. These words create bridges from one sentence to the next. Can use transition words that show order (first, second, third); spatial relationships (above, below) or logic (furthermore, in addition, in fact). Also, in writing a paragraph, using a consistent verb tense and point of view are important ingredients for coherency.

Adequate development:

Develop your paragraphs with specific details and examples.

Title: About Me

About Me

Hi. Do you know about me.? Ok, if you do not know about me, I'll introduce myself. My name is Selvi Lia Leo Neta. You can call me Selvi or Neta, up to you want to call me selvi or neta, I got a call two names because my parents and my family call me neta and my friends call me selvi. Many people are saying that  I look like my father. I do not know why, maybe because I also have brown skin like him. I have a brown color with beautiful eyes, my nose is not to flat, and my lips is thin, I have straight hair. My height is 145cm and I do not know my weight now because the last weighing, I remember my weight is 40kg. I live in 36 Kalibening. Do you know where is Kalibening.? Kalibening in Pekalongan, East Lampung. The best thing about me that can differentiate with another people are I have mustache and fangs, when I smile, my fangs so looks. But it nevermind, because with it, I look sweet, said my friend. I have same hobby with my father. My hobby is travelling, because with my hobby, I get a lot of experience, I can find beautiful places previously unknown to me. My father often invites me to travelling with family in weekend. My activities in free time are playing with niece, watching television and reading books. I like playing with my nieve because she is very funny, and I like watching television and reading books to increase my knowledge and insight , even I always demanded by my parents to read guidance prayer book so that my prayer more than before. I also read novel book. My parents are very friendly same like me, so do not be afraid to pay a visit to my house, because the door always open to anyone who wants to visit my house with good intentions, but my door always closed for thieves :)

Note :  Identification

Desctiption

Conclusion